ACOUSTIC SAND MONITOR SYSTEM Introduction Acoustic Sand monitoring is used during all phases of Oil & Gas production. During the exploration phase, accurate knowledge of sand, (solid particle), production is vital to select the most cost-effective method for well completion. The sand monitor can help to determine whether you have a "problem" formation or not. Since you can evaluate perforation density, it is possible to gauge the need to gravel pack. Sand monitoring during drill stem testing can provide important background information, assisting you in making these decisions. After drilling is completed, acoustic sand monitoring will allow you to gauge the effectiveness of cementing completion and the clean-up procedures. This can prevent costly damage to up-stream filters and other sensitive apparatus. You can measure the solids content in production to determine if gravel packing is required, and allows you to measure the effectiveness. Sand erosion during production can be a significant problem with down-stream equipment, such as valves and chokes being badly damaged in relatively short periods of time. Significant deposits of sand in the production separators can cause production upsets, with liquid carry-over into other equipment. On-line monitoring can significantly assist in controlling these problems, preventing damage and build-up of sand, without greatly effecting production rates. Sand probes are available in on-line automated systems with tie-ins for existing DCU systems, with simple analogue outputs and with customized software systems, suitable to run on Windows 95 PC systems. Customized packages are also available for subsea applications. Sand Detector Systems for Surface Flow-Lines Sand monitor/detection system provides real-time information about solids content of flow lines. This information allows the operator to take immediate action, preventing costly damage to flow lines and formations by uncontrolled sand production. The sand monitor/detection system is the key to an effective solids control program. The sand monitor/detection system consists of the following major items: The Sand Probe. Installed in high pressure access fittings. Preamplifier. Installed directly onto the probe, through the heavy duty cover, Ex"D" rated, preamplifiers the acoustic signal from the probe and relay the signal in a digital format to the frequency analyzer. Sand Monitor: Installed in the safe-area, takes preamplifier digital signal, amplifies and filters it to provide an integrated sand output signal. Computer System. Computer system that allows direct communication with the DCU system and can use the production data to calculate "real" sand production data. Otherwise, the SCADA connections allow the system to be attached directly to the DCU and the required information can then be obtained in software. Specifications Sensitivity: Dry Gas: Down to 0.25 Kg/day Crude Oil: Down to 0.25 Kg/1000bb) Pressure Rating: 414 BARG (6000 psig) Higher ratings are available for certain designs of probes. Hazardous Area Classification: Class 1, Div. 1, Groups C&D. Material of Construction: All wetted parts are 17-4 pH stainless steel, heat-treated to C28-33, and is suitable for sour service as per NACE-MR-75. The preamplifier housing is manufactured from Feralloy bonded in a heavy PVC coating to allow use in saline conditions. INSTRUMENTATION Overview Sand monitor is supplied in a 19" rack format card file enclosure, with built-in output rails and power inputs, a test module and a power module are required for each rack. Each CFE will allow the installation of up to 8 sand monitor/detector channels. The CFE is designed to fit into a standard instrument panel. Front panel visual indicators and audio/visual alarms are available on the sand detectors and the test/power modules. The system is available in 110 or 220VAC versions. Power Supply Module: IN-1545-E Power on/off switch Push-to-reset breaker Fail safe monitor lights Outputs are ±22 VDC for 8 channel and test module Test Module: IN-1546-E Outputs a signal suitable for testing the sand monitor module Fail safe power monitor lights Sand Monitor Module: IN-1543-E Meter 0-100% of output Excess sand alarm light comes with reset button Fail-safe power status lights Jacks for ancillary recorders All controls located on side control panel to prevent accidental alteration Function select switch and sensitivity control Sensitivity adjustment Built-in probe/amp self test feature Adjustable alarm settings Selectable response: Fast/Slow 4/20m amps current loop output 0-10 volts output Remote alarm Dry contact closure output Remote control of probe/amp test On-board voltage regulators SAND PROBE ASSEMBLY P-9974 Description This Sand Probe assembly uses the thin-walled tube method to give an alarm signal should the production of sand cause significant erosion in the system. The probe itself is inserted through a fixed flange or weld-o-let assembly during a production shutdown. This style of probe cannot be installed or retrieved under operational conditions. The remote alarm assembly block and bleed valve is installed on the sensor at the time of installation. This assembly cannot be removed without blowing down the system pressure. The tube is selected by wall thickness. Various wall thickness are available in ANSI 316L stainless steel, please refer to Cortest Instruments Ltd. for details. Once the sand has penetrated the wall of the tube, the sensor will experience the line pressure, and any transducer or signaling device will be activated. Under these circumstances, Cortest Instruments Ltd. advise shut-down and removal of the failed tube as soon as possible. CONTACT: Cortest Instruments, Ltd. 10 Riverside Business Park Stoney Common, Stansted Essex CM24 8BP United Kingdom PHONE: 44-1-279-816630 FAX: 44-1-279-816730 e-mail: cortestinst@mcmail.com web site: www.cortest.com

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